Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 27(4): 360-368, out.-dez. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770040

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivos: Conduzir um inquérito multinacional com profissionais de unidades de terapia intensiva para determinar as práticas relacionadas à avaliação e ao manejo do delirium, bem como as percepções e as atitudes relacionadas à avaliação e ao impacto do delirium em pacientes submetidos à ventilação não invasiva. Métodos: Foi elaborado um questionário eletrônico para avaliar o perfil dos respondedores e das unidades de terapia intensiva a eles relacionadas; a realização de avaliação sistemática e a forma de manejo do delirium; e as percepções e condutas dos profissionais com relação à presença de delirium em pacientes submetidos à ventilação não invasiva. O questionário foi distribuído por meio da mala direta de correio eletrônico da rede de cooperação em pesquisa clínica da Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB-Net) e para pesquisadores em diferentes centros da América Latina e Europa. Resultados: Foram analisados 436 questionários que, em sua maioria, eram provenientes do Brasil (61,9%), seguidos por Turquia (8,7%) e Itália (4,8%). Aproximadamente 61% dos respondedores relataram não proceder à avaliação de delirium na unidade de terapia intensiva, enquanto 31% a realizavam em pacientes submetidos à ventilação não invasiva. Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit foi a ferramenta diagnóstica validada mais frequentemente citada (66,9%). Com relação à indicação de ventilação não invasiva para pacientes em delirium, 16,3% dos respondedores nunca permitiam o uso de ventilação não invasiva neste contexto clínico. Conclusão: Este inquérito fornece dados que enfatizam a escassez de esforços direcionados à avaliação e ao manejo do delirium no ambiente da terapia intensiva, em especial nos pacientes submetidos à ventilação não invasiva.


ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a multinational survey of intensive care unit professionals to determine the practices on delirium assessment and management, in addition to their perceptions and attitudes toward the evaluation and impact of delirium in patients requiring noninvasive ventilation. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was created to evaluate the profiles of the respondents and their related intensive care units, the systematic delirium assessment and management and the respondents' perceptions and attitudes regarding delirium in patients requiring noninvasive ventilation. The questionnaire was distributed to the cooperative network for research of the Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB-Net) mailing list and to researchers in different centers in Latin America and Europe. Results: Four hundred thirty-six questionnaires were available for analysis; the majority of the questionnaires were from Brazil (61.9%), followed by Turkey (8.7%) and Italy (4.8%). Approximately 61% of the respondents reported no delirium assessment in the intensive care unit, and 31% evaluated delirium in patients under noninvasive ventilation. The Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit was the most reported validated diagnostic tool (66.9%). Concerning the indication of noninvasive ventilation in patients already presenting with delirium, 16.3% of respondents never allow the use of noninvasive ventilation in this clinical context. Conclusion: This survey provides data that strongly reemphasizes poor efforts toward delirium assessment and management in the intensive care unit setting, especially regarding patients requiring noninvasive ventilation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude of Health Personnel , Delirium/therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation , Intensive Care Units , Health Care Surveys , Critical Care , Delirium/diagnosis
2.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 25(3): 251-257, Jul-Sep/2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690291

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento da oxigenação e da mecânica ventilatória em pacientes com suporte ventilatório após a realização de hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva geral de um hospital público terciário. Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sob ventilação mecânica, com necessidade de suporte dialítico. Cada paciente foi submetido a duas avaliações (pré e pós-diálise) referentes a parâmetros cardiovasculares e ventilatórios, mecânica ventilatória e avaliação laboratorial. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 80 pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda e crônica. A análise da mecânica ventilatória demonstrou que houve redução da pressão de platô e aumento da complacência estática, após diálise, independentemente da redução da volemia. Pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda também apresentaram redução da pressão de pico (p=0,024) e aumento da complacência dinâmica (p=0,026), enquanto pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica apresentaram aumento da pressão resistiva (p=0,046) e da resistência do sistema respiratório (p=0,044). No grupo de pacientes sem perda volêmica, após diálise, observou-se aumento da pressão resistiva (p=0,010) e da resistência do sistema respiratório (p=0,020), enquanto no grupo com perda >2.000mL observou-se redução da pressão de pico (p=0,027). Não houve alteração na PaO2 e nem na relação PaO2/FiO2. CONCLUSÃO: A hemodiálise foi capaz de alterar a mecânica do sistema respiratório, especificamente reduzindo a pressão de platô e aumentando a complacência estática, independente ...


OBJECTIVE: To assess the oxygenation behavior and ventilatory mechanics after hemodialysis in patients under ventilatory support. METHODS: The present study was performed in the general intensive care unit of a tertiary public hospital. Patients over 18 years of age under mechanical ventilation and in need of dialysis support were included. Each patient was submitted to 2 evaluations (pre- and post-dialysis) regarding the cardiovascular and ventilatory parameters, the ventilatory mechanics and a laboratory evaluation. RESULTS: Eighty patients with acute or chronic renal failure were included. The analysis of the ventilatory mechanics revealed a reduction in the plateau pressure and an increased static compliance after dialysis that was independent of a reduction in blood volume. The patients with acute renal failure also exhibited a reduction in peak pressure (p=0.024) and an increase in the dynamic compliance (p=0.026), whereas the patients with chronic renal failure exhibited an increase in the resistive pressure (p=0.046) and in the resistance of the respiratory system (p=0.044). The group of patients with no loss of blood volume after dialysis exhibited an increase in the resistive pressure (p=0.010) and in the resistance of the respiratory system (p=0.020), whereas the group with a loss of blood volume >2,000mL exhibited a reduction in the peak pressure (p=0.027). No changes in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) or in the PaO2/the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio were observed. CONCLUSION: Hemodialysis was able to alter the mechanics of the respiratory system and specifically reduced the plateau pressure and increased the static compliance independent of a reduction in blood volume. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Dialysis , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Mechanics , Renal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency/therapy , Oxygen/physiology , Renal Insufficiency/complications
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 25(2): 148-154, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-681994

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar escalas capazes de estabelecer uma avaliação quantitativa dos sintomas do delirium em pacientes graves por meio de uma revisão sistemática. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados estudos que avaliaram escalas de estratificação de delirium em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva a partir de busca na base de dados MedLine. Os estudos de validação dessas escalas foram analisados, e foram identificados os pacientes alvos para aplicação, o avaliador, os sinais e sintomas avaliados, a duração da aplicação, além da sensibilidade e da especificidade de cada escala. RESULTADOS: Seis escalas foram identificadas: o Delirium Detection Score, o Cognitive Test of Delirium, a Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, o Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, a The Neelon and Champagne Confusion Scale e a Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. CONCLUSÃO: As escalas identificadas permitem estratificação e acompanhamento do paciente grave com delirium. Dentre as seis escalas, a mais estudada e que melhor se adequa ao uso em unidade de terapia intensiva foi o Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist.


OBJECTIVE: To identify scales that can establish a quantitative assessment of delirium symptoms in critically ill patients through a systematic review. METHODS: Studies that evaluated delirium stratification scales in patients hospitalized in intensive care units were selected in a search performed in the MedLine database. Validation studies of these scales and their target patient populations were analyzed, and we identified the examiner and the signs and symptoms evaluated. In addition, the duration of the application and the sensitivity and specificity of each scale were assessed. RESULTS: Six scales were identified: the Delirium Detection Score, the Cognitive Test of Delirium, the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, The Neelon and Champagne Confusion Scale and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. CONCLUSION: The scales identified allow the stratification and monitoring of critically ill patients with delirium. Among the six scales, the most studied and best suited for use in the intensive care units was the Intensive Care Delirium Screening.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delirium/diagnosis , Intensive Care Units , Critical Care/methods , Checklist , Critical Illness , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 25(1): 56-62, jan.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673368

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a importância da enolase específica neuronal e S100B para diagnóstico e monitorização da encefalopatia séptica. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma busca no banco de dados PubMed selecionando estudos que avaliaram níveis séricos de S 100 B e enolase específica neuronal em pacientes com sepse, publicados entre Janeiro de 2000 e Abril de 2012. Apenas estudos em humanos e que utilizaram um método adicional de avaliação neurológica foram selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados nove estudos, dos quais sete associaram concentrações elevadas de S100 beta e enolase específica neuronal ao desenvolvimento de encefalopatia séptica; quatro também as associaram ao aumento de mortalidade. Entretanto, dois trabalhos não encontraram essa associação quando avaliaram S100 beta e um deles não observou correlação entre a enolase específica neuronal e encefalopatia séptica. CONCLUSÃO: A S100 beta e enolase específica neuronal são biomarcadores promissores para diagnóstico e monitorização de pacientes com encefalopatia séptica, mas é necessária uma maior investigação.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review the importance of neuron-specific enolase and S100 beta for diagnosing and monitoring septic encephalopathy. METHODS: A PubMed database search was performed to identify studies that evaluated S100 beta and neuron-specific enolase serum levels in patients with sepsis and that were published between January 2000 and April 2012. Only human studies that employed an additional method of neurological assessment were selected. RESULTS: Nine studies were identified, seven of which associated high concentrations of S100 beta and neuron-specific enolase with the development of septic encephalopathy. Four studies also associated these concentrations with increased mortality. However, two studies did not find such an association when they evaluated S100 beta levels, and one of these studies did not observe a correlation between neuron-specific enolase and septic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: S100 beta and neuron-specific enolase are promising biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring patients with septic encephalopathy, but more research is necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/blood , /blood , Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy/physiopathology , Sepsis/blood , Sepsis/complications
5.
Clinics ; 66(11): 1917-1922, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-605872

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to compare the sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tools for delirium (the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units and the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units Flowsheet) in a mixed population of critically ill patients, and to validate the Brazilian Portuguese Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units. METHODS: The study was conducted in four intensive care units in Brazil. Patients were screened for delirium by a psychiatrist or neurologist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Patients were subsequently screened by an intensivist using Portuguese translations of the three tools. RESULTS: One hundred and nineteen patients were evaluated and 38.6 percent were diagnosed with delirium by the reference rater. The Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units had a sensitivity of 72.5 percent and a specificity of 96.2 percent; the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units Flowsheet had a sensitivity of 72.5 percent and a specificity of 96.2 percent; the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist had a sensitivity of 96.0 percent and a specificity of 72.4 percent. There was strong agreement between the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units and the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units Flowsheet (kappa coefficient = 0.96) CONCLUSION: All three instruments are effective diagnostic tools in critically ill intensive care unit patients. In addition, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of delirium among critically ill patients.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Delirium/diagnosis , Intensive Care Units , Mass Screening/adverse effects , Translations , Brazil , Critical Illness , Delirium/epidemiology , Language , Mass Screening/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL